First Aid: Heat Exposure
The brain carries a temperature regulator that keeps the body near a healthy 98°F. But prolonged exposure to extreme heat may confuse this natural thermostat. Remember: When body temperature goes way out of line, trouble isn’t far behind.
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Intense heat may cause excessive fluid loss through sweating (heat exhaustion). If the body isn’t cooled, sweating eventually stops, but the body’s temperature may keep rising until vital organs begin to fail (heat stroke).
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1. Lower Body Temperature
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Move the victim into shade and sponge with cool water. Cool head, neck, groin, and underarms.
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Place the victim on his or her back. Elevate feet about 12 inches to lessen the risk of shock.
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Monitor the victim every 15 minutes—continue to cool as needed.
2. Give Cool Liquids
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Provide the victim with clear liquids if he or she is alert. Offer cool or room-temperature
water. A bottled sports drink is another good choice.
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DON’T offer drinks containing milk, which may cause nausea.
Seek medical help if any of the following is true:
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The victim is sweating heavily, but the skin feels cool and clammy.
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The victim feels dizzy, lightheaded, or weak.
Call 911 immediately if the victim has any of the following:
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Skin that feels hot and dry to the touch
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Drowsiness, disorientation, or loss of consciousness
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Loss of muscle control
While you wait for help:
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Publication Source:
Lugo-Amador NM, Rothenhaus T, Moyer P, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 22(2), Heat-related illness, 38108, pp 315-327
Online Medical Reviewer:
Keyes, Linda MD
Date Last Reviewed:
6/1/2005
Date Last Modified:
7/9/2002